Yahwe

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Yahwe^[2] (bahasa Ibrani: יהוה, translit. yhw‎, Yehuwa)^[3] adalah istilah atau nama ilahiah dalam Yahudi, meskipun Yahwe tidak pernah disembah secara eksklusif oleh bangsa Israel.^[4] Namanya mungkin dimulai sebagai julukan kepada El, Dewa tertinggi dalam Panteon Kanaan,^[5] Referensi terawal yang menyebut nama Yahweh didapat dari catatan Mesir Kuno yang menempatkannya sebagai sesembahan di antara kaum nomad di kawasan selatan Transjordan.^[6] Dalam literatur alkitab tertua, dia digambarkan sebagai "prajurit ilahi" yang memimpin tentara surgawi melawan semua musuh Israel;^[7] ia kemudian menjadi pemimpin utama dari kerajaan Samaria dan Yehuda,^[8] dan dalam kurun waktu tertentu, kerajaan menyatakan bahwa Yahweh sebagai pencipta seluruh alam semesta dan memiliki keilahian yang tak dapat disangkal.^[9][10] Pada masa akhir pembuangan ke Babilonia (abad ke-6 SM), keberadaan ilah-ilah lain disangkal, dan Yahweh dicanangkan sebagai pencipta alam semesta, sebagai Tuhan satu-satunya yang menjadi pemilik sejati seluruh alam semesta.^[10]

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