Feminisme di Rusia

Di Rusia, feminisme bermula pada abad ke-18, dipengaruhi oleh Zaman Pencerahan di Eropa Barat dan sebagian besar terbatas pada kaum aristokrat. Sepanjang abad ke-19, gagasan feminisme tetap terkait erat dengan politik revolusioner dan reformasi sosial. Pada abad ke-20, kaum feminis Rusia, yang terinspirasi oleh sosialisme, mengalihkan fokus mereka dari karya filantropis ke pengorganisasian buruh di kalangan petani dan pekerja pabrik. Setelah Revolusi Februari 1917, lobi feminis memperoleh hak pilih,^[1] di samping kesetaraan umum bagi perempuan dalam masyarakat. Selama periode ini, perhatian terhadap feminisme bervariasi tergantung pada demografi dan status ekonomi.^[2]

Setelah pembubaran Uni Soviet pada tahun 1991, lingkaran feminis muncul di kalangan kaum intelektual, meskipun istilah tersebut terus mengandung konotasi negatif di kalangan orang Rusia kontemporer. Pada abad ke-21, sejumlah feminis Rusia, seperti band punk-rock Pussy Riot, kembali menyelaraskan diri dengan gerakan anti-pemerintah, seperti demonstrasi tahun 2012 terhadap presiden Rusia Vladimir Putin, yang menyebabkan seorang pengacara yang mewakili Gereja Ortodoks Rusia menyebut feminisme sebagai dosa berat.^[3]

• Peran gender di Eropa Tengah dan Timur pasca-komunis
• Perempuan di Rusia
• Alexandra Kollontai – politikus feminis Rusia di Uni Soviet

1. ^ Ruthchild 2010, hlm. XVIII.
2. ^ Carnaghan & Bahry 1990, hlm. 390–391.
3. ^ The New York Times 8 August 2012.

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