Ateisme Marxis‒Leninis

Ateisme Marxis–Leninis, juga dikenal sebagai ateisme ilmiah Marxis–Leninis, adalah unsur anti-agama Marxisme–Leninisme.^[1]^[2] Berbasis pada pemahaman materialis-dialektikal dari penempatan kemanusiaan pada alam, ateisme Marxis–Leninis mencetuskan bahwa agama adalah candu masyarakat. Sehingga, Marxisme–Leninisme mengadvokasikan ateisme, alih-alih kepercayaan agama.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Untuk mendukung tujuan ideologi tersebut, ateisme Marxis–Leninis mencetuskan penjelasan untuk asal usul agama dan menjelaskan metode untuk kritisisme ilmiah terhadap agama.^[6] Akar filsafat ateisme Marxis–Leninis berada dalam karya-karya Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872), Karl Marx (1818–1883) dan Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924).^[7]

Ateisme Marxis–Leninis memberitahukan kebijakan publik di berbagai negara, seperti contohnya Uni Soviet dan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok.^[8]^[9] Beberapa Marxis non-Soviet menentang pendirian Anti-agama tersebut, dan dalam bentuk pemikiran Marxis tertentu, seperti gerakan teologi pembebasan di Amerika Latin, ateisme Marxis-Leninis ditolak sepenuhnya.^[10]

Referensi

^ Institute of Scientific Atheism of the Academy of Social Sciences (1981). Questions of Scientific Atheism: “Marxist–Leninist atheism, with all its content is directed to the development of the abilities of the individual [person], religion deprives a person of his [and her] own “I”, doubles consciousness, creates conditions for him. . . . ”
^ Tesař, Jan (15 July 2019). The History of Scientific Atheism: A Comparative Study of Czechoslovakia and Soviet Union (1954–1991) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. hlm. 143. ISBN 978-3-647-31086-2.
^ Kruglov, Anatoly Agapeevich. (Belarus, 1983). Fundamentals of Scientific Atheism: “The highest form is Marxist–Leninist atheism. * It relies on a materialistic understanding, not only of Nature (which was typical of pre–Marxist atheism) but also of society. . . .”
^ Институт научного атеизма (Академия общественных наук) (1981). "Вопросы научного атеизма" (dalam bahasa Russian). Изд-во "Мысл". марксистско-ленинский атеизм всем своим содержанием «аправлен на развитие способностей личности. Религия лишает человека его собственного «я», раздваивает сознание, создает для него условия ...
^ In Novaya Zhizn No. 28, 3 December 1905, Marxists Internet Archive, Lenin said that: “Religion is one of the forms of spiritual oppression, which everywhere weighs down heavily upon the masses of the people, over-burdened by their perpetual work for others, by want and isolation . . . Those who toil and live in want all their lives are taught, by religion, to be submissive and patient while here on Earth, and to take comfort in the hope of a heavenly reward. . . . Religion is opium for the people. Religion is a sort of spiritual booze, in which the slaves of capital drown their human image, their demand for a life more or less worthy of Man.” Marxists Internet Archive
^ Thrower, James (1983). Marxist-Leninist "Scientific Atheism" and the Study of Religion and Atheism in the USSR. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9789027930606. As an integral part of the Marxist–Leninist world-view, ‘scientific atheism’ is grounded in the view of the world and of Man enshrined in dialectical [materialism] and historical materialism: The study of scientific atheism brings to light an integral part of the Marxist–Leninist world-view. Being a philosophical science, scientific atheism emanates from the basic tenets of dialectical and historical materialism, both in explaining the origin of religion, and its scientific criticism of [religion]. (ibid., p. 272.)
^ Slovak Studies, Volume 21. The Slovak Institute in North America. p. 231. "The origin of Marxist–Leninist atheism, as understood in the USSR, is linked with the development of the German philosophy of Hegel and Feuerbach."
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Thrower
^ Yang, Fenggang (2012). Religion in China: Survival and Revival Under Communist Rule (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. hlm. 45. ISBN 978-0-19-973564-8. In the ideological lexicon of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Marxist-Leninist atheism is a fundamental doctrine.
^ Richard L. Rubenstein, John K. Roth (1988). The Politics of Latin American Liberation Theology. Washington Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-88702-040-7. There were, however, Marxist voices that pointed out the disadvantages of such antireligious policies.

Bacaan tambahan

Husband, William."Godless communists": atheism and society in Soviet Russia, 1917-1932 Northern Illinois University Press. 2002. ISBN 0-87580-595-7.
Marsh, Christopher.Religion and the State in Russia and China: Suppression, Survival, and Revival. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2011. ISBN 1-4411-1247-2.
Pospielovsky, Dimitry.A History of Marxist–Leninist atheism and Soviet antireligious policies. Macmillan. 1987. ISBN 0-333-42326-7.
Thrower, James.Marxist–Leninist scientific atheism and the study of religion and atheism in the USSR. Walter de Gruyter. 1983. ISBN 90-279-3060-0.

Pranala luar

[1] Institute of Scientific Atheism of the Academy of Social Sciences (1981). Questions of Scientific Atheism: “Marxist–Leninist atheism, with all its content is directed to the development of the abilities of the individual [person], religion deprives a person of his [and her] own “I”, doubles consciousness, creates conditions for him. . . . ”

[Tesař2019-2] Tesař, Jan (15 July 2019). The History of Scientific Atheism: A Comparative Study of Czechoslovakia and Soviet Union (1954–1991) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. hlm. 143. ISBN 978-3-647-31086-2.

[3] Kruglov, Anatoly Agapeevich. (Belarus, 1983). Fundamentals of Scientific Atheism: “The highest form is Marxist–Leninist atheism. * It relies on a materialistic understanding, not only of Nature (which was typical of pre–Marxist atheism) but also of society. . . .”

[4] Институт научного атеизма (Академия общественных наук) (1981). "Вопросы научного атеизма" (dalam bahasa Russian). Изд-во "Мысл". марксистско-ленинский атеизм всем своим содержанием «аправлен на развитие способностей личности. Религия лишает человека его собственного «я», раздваивает сознание, создает для него условия ...

[Novaya_Zhizn-5] In Novaya Zhizn No. 28, 3 December 1905, Marxists Internet Archive, Lenin said that: “Religion is one of the forms of spiritual oppression, which everywhere weighs down heavily upon the masses of the people, over-burdened by their perpetual work for others, by want and isolation . . . Those who toil and live in want all their lives are taught, by religion, to be submissive and patient while here on Earth, and to take comfort in the hope of a heavenly reward. . . . Religion is opium for the people. Religion is a sort of spiritual booze, in which the slaves of capital drown their human image, their demand for a life more or less worthy of Man.” Marxists Internet Archive

[6] Thrower, James (1983). Marxist-Leninist "Scientific Atheism" and the Study of Religion and Atheism in the USSR. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9789027930606. As an integral part of the Marxist–Leninist world-view, ‘scientific atheism’ is grounded in the view of the world and of Man enshrined in dialectical [materialism] and historical materialism: The study of scientific atheism brings to light an integral part of the Marxist–Leninist world-view. Being a philosophical science, scientific atheism emanates from the basic tenets of dialectical and historical materialism, both in explaining the origin of religion, and its scientific criticism of [religion]. (ibid., p. 272.)

[7] Slovak Studies, Volume 21. The Slovak Institute in North America. p. 231. "The origin of Marxist–Leninist atheism, as understood in the USSR, is linked with the development of the German philosophy of Hegel and Feuerbach."

[Thrower-8] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Thrower

[9] Yang, Fenggang (2012). Religion in China: Survival and Revival Under Communist Rule (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. hlm. 45. ISBN 978-0-19-973564-8. In the ideological lexicon of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Marxist-Leninist atheism is a fundamental doctrine.

[10] Richard L. Rubenstein, John K. Roth (1988). The Politics of Latin American Liberation Theology. Washington Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-88702-040-7. There were, however, Marxist voices that pointed out the disadvantages of such antireligious policies.

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