Dynamis

Dynamis, dijuluki Philoromaios (bahasa Yunani: Δύναμις Φιλορωμαῖος, Dynamis, sahabat Roma, skt. 67 SM – 8 M), merupakan seorang ratu klien Kerajaan Bosporos selama Republik Romawi Akhir dan bagian dari rezim Augustus, Kaisar Romawi pertama. Dynamis dalam bahasa Yunani kuno berarti “yang kuat”.^[1] Ia adalah seorang penguasa keturunan Iran dan Makedonia Yunani. Ia merupakan putri dari Raja Farnakes II dari Pontos dan istri Sarmatianya.^[2] Ia memiliki seorang kakanda bernama Darius dan seorang adik laki-laki bernama Arsakes.^[3] Kakek neneknya dari pihak ayahandanya adalah penguasa Kerajaan Pontos, Mithridates VI dari Pontos dan istri pertamanya Laodike, yang juga adalah saudarinya. Dynamis menikah tiga kali. Suami-suaminya adalah Asander, seorang pria bernama Scribonius dan Polemon I dari Pontos. Menurut Rostovtzeff, ia juga memiliki suami keempat yang bernama Aspurgos.

• Kerajaan Bosporos

Sumber pertama

• Appian, The Civil Wars, Penguin Classics, 1996; ISBN 978-0140445091
• Cassius Dio, Roman History, vol. 5, Books 46-50 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674990913
• Cassius Dio, Roman History, vol. 6, Books 51-55 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674990920
• Strabo, Geography, vol. 5, Books 10-12 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674992337

Sumber kedua

• Braund, D., Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, Palgrave Macmillan, 1984; ISBN 978-0312692100; Kindle Edition, Routledge, 2014; ASIN: B00JKEYVK2
• Gabelko, O. L., (2009). "The dynastic history of the Hellenistic monarchies of Asia Minor according to the "Chronography" of George Synkellos". Dalam Højte, L. M., (ed.), (ed.). Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom. Black Sea Studies. Vol. Vol. 9. Aarhus University Press. ; ; ; Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanda baca tambahan (link) ISBN 978-8779344433
• Gajdukevic, V., Das bosporanische Reich, Akademie-Vlg. in AG mit Hermann Böhlaus Nachf. Berlin/Köln, 1971; ISBN 978-3050004259
• Kersley, R. A., Women and Public Life in Imperial Asia Minor, in Tsetskhladze, G. R., (ed.), Ancient West & East, Vol 4, No.1, BRILL, 2010; ISBN 978-9004141766 [2]
• Macurdy, G., Vassal - Queens and Some Contemporary Women in the Roman Empire, Johns Hopkins Press, 1937; ASIN: B000WUFYY0
• Mayor, A., (2009), The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy, Princeton University Press. ASIN: B003V5WKPE
• Minns, E., H., (2011) Scythians and Greeks, A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus, Cambridge Library Collection – Archaeology, Cambridge University Press; reissue edition, 2011 (original edition 1913); ISBN 978-1108024877 [3]
• Rose, C. B., "Princes" and Barbarians on the Ara Pacis, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 94, No. 3 (July 1990), pp. 453–467 [4]^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
• Rostovtzeff, M., Queen Dynamis of Bosporus, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 39 (1919), pp. 88–109
• Smith, W., (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, articles on Asander [5], Pharnaces II [6], Polemon I [7]; Scribonius [8]
• Sullivan, R.D., Dynasts in Pontus, ANRW II 7.2 (1980) pp. 919–20;
• Salisbury, J. E., (2001). Encyclopedia of women in the ancient world, illustrated edition. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-092-5. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanda baca tambahan (link)
• Syme, R., (1995). Anatolica: studies in Strabo. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-814943-3. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
• Ustinova. Y., (1998). The supreme gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World). BRILL (1770). ISBN 978-9004112315. Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanda baca tambahan (link)

• A picture of a Bronze Bust of Dynamis on page 90 from the Encyclopedia of women in the ancient world. In this picture Dynamis, is wearing a Royal Persian Headdress called the Tiara Orthe, covered with stars. In Dynamis’ portrait, she may have imitated one of Livia’s hairstyles.
• "Ancient Coinage of Bosporos, Kings". Ancient Coins: Roman, Greek, Byzantine and Celtic Numismatic Reference for Attribution and Values. WildWinds Ltd. Diakses tanggal 2015-03-19.