Fulbert Youlou
Fulbert Youlou | |
|---|---|
 Fulbert Youlou pada 1963 | |
| Presiden Republik Kongo ke-1 | |
| Masa jabatan 15 Agustus 1960 – 15 Agustus 1963 | |
| Perdana Menteri Republik Kongo ke-2 | |
| Masa jabatan 8 Desember 1958 – 21 November 1959 | |
| Informasi pribadi | |
| Lahir | 19 Juli 1917[1][2][3] Madibou, Moyen-Congo |
| Meninggal | 6 Mei 1972 (umur 54) Madrid, Spanyol |
| Kebangsaan | Kongo |
| Partai politik | Uni Demokratik untuk Pertahanan Kepentingan Afrika |
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Abbé Fulbert Youlou (9 Juni,[1] 17 Juni[2] atai 9 Juli 1917[3] – 6 Mei 1972) adalah seorang politikus, pemimpin nasionalis dan imam atau pastor Katolik Brazzaville-Kongo yang dilaisasikan, yang menjadi Presiden Congo-Brazzaville pertama pada masa kemerdekaannya.
Abbé Fulbert Youlou adalah salah satu tokoh paling kontroversial di Congo-Brazzaville, selama berdekade-dekade ia menjadi subjek anathema di negaranya.
Referensi
- ^ a b In African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations, author Ronald Matthews lists Youlou's date of birth as 9 June 1917. This date is also listed in Annuaire parlementaire des États d'Afrique noire, Députés et conseillers économiques des républiques d'expression française (1962). Matthews (1966), hlm. 169; Annuaire parlementaire des États d'Afrique noire: Députés et conseillers économiques des républiques d'expression française, Paris: Annuaire Afrique, 1962, OCLC 11833110
- ^ a b In Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African-American Experience, Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and K. Anthony Appiah list Youlou's date of birth as 17 June 1917. Appiah & Gates (1999), hlm. 2036
- ^ a b The Encyclopedia of World Biography by Gale Research Company lists Youlou's date of birth as 19 July 1917. Gale Research Company (1999), hlm. 466
Daftar pustaka
- Amin, Samir; Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine (1969). Histoire économique du Congo 1881–1968. Éditions Anthropos. ASIN B000WID61A.
- Boutet, Rémy (1990). Les trois glorieuses ou la chute de Fulbert Youlou. Collection Afrique contemporaine. Éditions Chaka. ISBN 2907768050.
- Bernault, Florence (1996). Démocraties ambiguës en Afrique centrale: Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, 1940-1965 (dalam bahasa Prancis). Paris: Karthala. ISBN 2-86537-636-2. OCLC 36142247.
- Bazenguissa-Ganga, Rémy (1997). Les voies du politique au Congo : essai de sociologie historique. Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-739-8.
- Clark, John F. (1997). "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate". Dalam Clark, John F.; Gardinier, David E. (ed.). Political Reform in Francophone Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-2785-7. OCLC 35318507.
- Daggs, Elisa (1970). All Africa: All Its Political Entities of Independent Or Other Status. New York: Hastings House. ISBN 0-8038-0336-2. OCLC 82503.
- Decraene, Philippe (1973). "Congo-Brazzaville". Éncyclopédie Universalis. Vol. 4. hlm. 891–892.
- Gale Research Company (1999). Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 16. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Company. ISBN 0-7876-2221-4. OCLC 37813530.
- Italiaander, Rolf (1961). The New Leaders of Africa. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. OCLC 565528.
- Kouvibidila, Gaston-Jonas (2001). La marche à rebours 1940-1991. Histoire du multipartisme au Congo-Brazzaville. Vol. 1. Éditions L'Harmattan.
- Lentz, Harris M. (1994). Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-89950-926-6. OCLC 30075961.
- Matthews, Ronald (1966). African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations. London: The Bodley Head. OCLC 246401461.
- Mbandza, Joseph (2004). Pauvreté et modèles de croissance en Afrique subsaharienne: le cas du Congo-Brazzaville (1945–2000). Éditions Publibook.
- Mengisteab, Kidane; Daddieh, Cyril, ed. (1999). State Building and Democratization in Africa. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-275-96353-5. OCLC 39013781.
- Terray, Emmanuel (1964). "Les révolutions congolaise et dahoméenne de 1963". Revue française de science politique. 14 (5): 918–925. doi:10.3406/rfsp.1964.403464.
- Young, Eric (1999). "Youlou, Fulbert". Dalam Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. (ed.). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York, NY: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-00071-1. OCLC 41649745. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: editors list (link)
Pranala luar
Media tentang Fulbert Youlou di Wikimedia Commons
| Jabatan politik | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh: Jacques Opangault |
Perdana Menteri Republik Kongo 1958–1959 |
Diteruskan oleh: Alphonse Massemba-Débat pasca pelengseran, 1959–1963 |
| Didahului oleh: (tidak ada) |
Presiden Republik Kongo 1960–1963 |
Diteruskan oleh: Alphonse Massemba-Débat |
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 Kongo Prancis (1882–1960) | |
|---|---|
 Republik Kongo (1960–1969) |
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 Republik Rakyat Kongo (1969–1992) | |
| Republik Kongo (1992–sekarang) |
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* Penjabat † Militer | |