Kejatuhan Saigon

Saigon, South Vietnam (present-day Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam)
Kejatuhan Saigon
	Bagian dari serangan musim semi tahun 1975 dalam Perang Vietnam
	; Seorang petugas CIA membantu para pengungsi menaiki tangga menuju helikopter Air America Bell 204/205 di 22 Gia Long Street pada tanggal 29 April 1975
Tanggal	30 April 1975; 50 tahun lalu
Lokasi	Saigon, Vietnam Selatan; (sekarang Kota Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam); 10°46′41″N 106°41′46″E / 10.77806°N 106.69611°E
Hasil	Kemenangan Vietnam Utara
Pihak terlibat
Vietnam Utara; Vietcong	Vietnam Selatan
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Lê Duẩn; Võ Nguyên Giáp; Văn Tiến Dũng; Trần Văn Trà; Lê Đức Anh; Nguyễn Hữu An; Lê Trọng Tấn	Dương Văn Minh ; Nguyễn Văn Huyền; Vũ Văn Mẫu; Phạm Văn Phú ⚔; Nguyễn Khoa Nam ⚔
Kekuatan
270.000 personel tetap; 180.000 personel tidak tetap dan gerilyawan	31.000
Korban
Setidaknya 108 orang tewas; Setidaknya 8 tank dan 1 kendaraan lapis baja hancur atau rusak;	Sebagian besar tentara ditangkap atau desersi; Beberapa dievakuasi bersama armada Amerika; Puluhan tank, kendaraan lapis baja dan pesawat hancur atau direbut;

Kejatuhan Saigon^[9] adalah direbutnya Saigon, ibu kota Vietnam Selatan, oleh Vietnam Utara pada tanggal 30 April 1975. Peristiwa ini menandai berakhirnya Perang Vietnam dan runtuhnya negara Vietnam Selatan, yang mengarah pada masa transisi dan penyatuan kembali Vietnam secara resmi menjadi Republik Sosialis Vietnam di bawah pemerintahan komunis pada tanggal 2 Juli 1976.^[10]

Tentara Rakyat Vietnam (PAVN) dan Viet Cong (VC), di bawah komando Jenderal Văn Tiến Dũng, memulai serangan terakhir mereka di Saigon pada tanggal 29 April 1975, sementara pasukan Angkatan Darat Republik Vietnam (ARVN) yang dipimpin oleh Jenderal Nguyễn Văn Toàn mengalami pemboman artileri berat. Pada sore hari berikutnya, PAVN/VC telah menduduki titik-titik penting kota dan mengibarkan bendera mereka di atas istana kepresidenan Vietnam Selatan.

Perebutan kota tersebut didahului oleh Operasi Frequent Wind, evakuasi hampir semua personel sipil dan militer Amerika Serikat di Saigon, bersama dengan puluhan ribu warga sipil Vietnam Selatan yang telah dikaitkan dengan Republik Vietnam. Beberapa warga Amerika memilih untuk tidak dievakuasi. Unit tempur darat Amerika Serikat telah meninggalkan Vietnam Selatan lebih dari dua tahun sebelum jatuhnya Saigon dan tidak tersedia untuk membantu pertahanan Saigon atau evakuasi.^[11] Evakuasi tersebut merupakan evakuasi helikopter terbesar dalam sejarah.^[12] Selain pelarian para pengungsi, berakhirnya perang dan pemberlakuan aturan baru oleh pemerintah komunis berkontribusi terhadap penurunan^[13] populasi kota hingga tahun 1979, setelah itu populasi meningkat lagi.^[14]

Pada tanggal 3 Juli 1976, Majelis Nasional Vietnam bersatu mengganti nama Saigon untuk menghormati Hồ Chí Minh, mendiang Ketua Partai Pekerja Vietnam dan pendiri Republik Demokratik Vietnam (Vietnam Utara).^[15]

Referensi

^ Ho Chi Minh Campaign (30 April 1975) (Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Hồ Chí Minh lịch sử (30/4/1975))
^ "Trận chiến bi hùng của Bộ đội xe tăng Trung đoàn 273: 9 xe bị bắn cháy ngay trước giờ toàn thắng". Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 27 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2022.
^ Lam, Andrew (29 April 2015). "Op-Ed: Is it Liberation Day or Defeat Day in Saigon?". Los Angeles Times. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 16 February 2016. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2016.
^ Austin, Lewis C. (1 October 1976). "Giai Phong! The Fall and Liberation of Saigon, by Tiziano Terzani". Foreign Affairs. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 16 February 2016. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2016.
^ Long, Ngo Vinh (1993). "Post-Paris Agreement Struggles and the Fall of Saigon". Dalam Werner, Jayne Susan; Huynh, Luu Doan (ed.). The Vietnam War: Vietnamese and American Perspectives. M.E. Sharpe. hlm. 204. ISBN 9780765638632. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 30 April 2023. Diakses tanggal 7 September 2019.; Thap, Nguyen Thi (2012). "Returning to my Home Village". Dalam Dutton, George; Werner, Jayne; Whitmore, John K. (ed.). Sources of Vietnamese Tradition. Columbia University Press. hlm. 547–53. ISBN 9780231511100. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 30 April 2023. Diakses tanggal 7 September 2019.
^ Yoshida, Kenichi (2017-04-23). "Was it 'fall' or 'liberation' of Saigon?". The Nation Thailand. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 April 2023. Diakses tanggal 23 April 2022.
^ "Chào mừng kỷ niệm 47 năm Ngày Giải phóng Miền Nam (30/4/1975 – 30/4/2022)" [Welcoming the 47th anniversary of the Liberation of the South (30/4/1975 – 30/4/2022)]. Online Newspaper of the Communist Party of Vietnam (dalam bahasa Vietnam). Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 23 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 23 April 2022.
^ "Reliving the fall of Saigon with Vietnam vets and journalists". PBS NewsHour (dalam bahasa American English). 30 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 2 May 2023.
^ ^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]
^ Walsh, Kenneth T. (30 April 2015). "The U.S. and Vietnam: 40 Years After the Fall of Saigon". U.S. News & World Report. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 November 2018. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2018..
^
Multiple sources:
- "Last American Ground Combat Unit Is Deactivated in South Vietnam". The New York Times. 12 August 1972. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 May 2021. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2020.
- John J. Valdez. "The Last to Leave". fallofsaigon.org. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 9 October 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2015. I think we got all the Americans out who wanted to leave. Some of them elected to stay there, mostly reporters. (originally published in the May 1975 issue of Leatherneck Magazine)
- Krich, Claudia (3 May 2015). "Eyewitness to the 'fall' of Vietnam: It was not a bloodbath". The Davis Enterprise. hlm. B5. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 28 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2015. (The article describes the experiences of three American women who stayed in Saigon)
- Laurie, Jim. "Vietnam 2015 – 40 years on". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 17 November 2015. (Article by an American journalist who chose not to be evacuated)
- "Americans who stayed on may be source of sightings". New Straits Times. 3 August 1991. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 17 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2015. (Article asserting that about 70 Americans stayed behind and containing details of some individual cases)
- "The Last Days in Vietnam". Movie review. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2015. This is a story about a few brave, good people who stayed behind in order to not leave anyone behind. (mentions NBC correspondents Jim Laurie and Neil Davis who stayed after the evacuation)
^ Dunham, Maj. George R.; Quinlan, Col. David A. (1990). U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Bitter End, 1973–1975 (Marine Corps Vietnam Operational Histories Series) (PDF). Washington DC: History & Museums Division; Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. ISBN 978-0-16-026455-9. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 10 July 2021. Diakses tanggal 3 May 2021. Artikel ini memuat teks dari sumber tersebut, yang berada dalam ranah publik.
^ Desbarats, Jacqueline. "Repression in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Executions and Population Relocation", from The Vietnam Debate (1990) by John Morton Moore.
^ Bharath, Deepa (29 April 2011). "O.C. Black April events commemorate fall of Saigon". Orange County Register. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 December 2013. Diakses tanggal 18 January 2014.
^ Nguyen, Hien. "How Saigon became Ho Chi Minh City". VnExpress International. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 26 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 23 April 2022.

Pranala luar

"Saigon's Finale" - The New York Times.
"1975: Saigon surrenders" - BBC News.
Vietnam Babylift web site
Fall of Saigon Marine Association
"White Christmas: The Fall of Saigon" - Dirck Halstead, The Digital Journalist.

Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] Ho Chi Minh Campaign (30 April 1975) (Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Hồ Chí Minh lịch sử (30/4/1975))

[2] "Trận chiến bi hùng của Bộ đội xe tăng Trung đoàn 273: 9 xe bị bắn cháy ngay trước giờ toàn thắng". Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 27 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2022.

[3] Lam, Andrew (29 April 2015). "Op-Ed: Is it Liberation Day or Defeat Day in Saigon?". Los Angeles Times. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 16 February 2016. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2016.

[4] Austin, Lewis C. (1 October 1976). "Giai Phong! The Fall and Liberation of Saigon, by Tiziano Terzani". Foreign Affairs. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 16 February 2016. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2016.

[5] Long, Ngo Vinh (1993). "Post-Paris Agreement Struggles and the Fall of Saigon". Dalam Werner, Jayne Susan; Huynh, Luu Doan (ed.). The Vietnam War: Vietnamese and American Perspectives. M.E. Sharpe. hlm. 204. ISBN 9780765638632. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 30 April 2023. Diakses tanggal 7 September 2019.; Thap, Nguyen Thi (2012). "Returning to my Home Village". Dalam Dutton, George; Werner, Jayne; Whitmore, John K. (ed.). Sources of Vietnamese Tradition. Columbia University Press. hlm. 547–53. ISBN 9780231511100. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 30 April 2023. Diakses tanggal 7 September 2019.

[6] Yoshida, Kenichi (2017-04-23). "Was it 'fall' or 'liberation' of Saigon?". The Nation Thailand. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 April 2023. Diakses tanggal 23 April 2022.

[7] "Chào mừng kỷ niệm 47 năm Ngày Giải phóng Miền Nam (30/4/1975 – 30/4/2022)" [Welcoming the 47th anniversary of the Liberation of the South (30/4/1975 – 30/4/2022)]. Online Newspaper of the Communist Party of Vietnam (dalam bahasa Vietnam). Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 23 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 23 April 2022.

[8] "Reliving the fall of Saigon with Vietnam vets and journalists". PBS NewsHour (dalam bahasa American English). 30 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 2 May 2023.

[9] [3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

[10] Walsh, Kenneth T. (30 April 2015). "The U.S. and Vietnam: 40 Years After the Fall of Saigon". U.S. News & World Report. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 4 November 2018. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2018..

[:02-11] Multiple sources:
"Last American Ground Combat Unit Is Deactivated in South Vietnam". The New York Times. 12 August 1972. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 May 2021. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2020.

John J. Valdez. "The Last to Leave". fallofsaigon.org. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 9 October 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2015. I think we got all the Americans out who wanted to leave. Some of them elected to stay there, mostly reporters. (originally published in the May 1975 issue of Leatherneck Magazine)

Krich, Claudia (3 May 2015). "Eyewitness to the 'fall' of Vietnam: It was not a bloodbath". The Davis Enterprise. hlm. B5. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 28 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2015. (The article describes the experiences of three American women who stayed in Saigon)

Laurie, Jim. "Vietnam 2015 – 40 years on". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 17 November 2015. (Article by an American journalist who chose not to be evacuated)

"Americans who stayed on may be source of sightings". New Straits Times. 3 August 1991. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 17 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2015. (Article asserting that about 70 Americans stayed behind and containing details of some individual cases)

"The Last Days in Vietnam". Movie review. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2015. This is a story about a few brave, good people who stayed behind in order to not leave anyone behind. (mentions NBC correspondents Jim Laurie and Neil Davis who stayed after the evacuation)

[12] "Last American Ground Combat Unit Is Deactivated in South Vietnam". The New York Times. 12 August 1972. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 May 2021. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2020.

[13] John J. Valdez. "The Last to Leave". fallofsaigon.org. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 9 October 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2015. I think we got all the Americans out who wanted to leave. Some of them elected to stay there, mostly reporters. (originally published in the May 1975 issue of Leatherneck Magazine)

[14] Krich, Claudia (3 May 2015). "Eyewitness to the 'fall' of Vietnam: It was not a bloodbath". The Davis Enterprise. hlm. B5. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 28 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2015. (The article describes the experiences of three American women who stayed in Saigon)

[15] Laurie, Jim. "Vietnam 2015 – 40 years on". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 17 November 2015. (Article by an American journalist who chose not to be evacuated)

[16] "Americans who stayed on may be source of sightings". New Straits Times. 3 August 1991. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 17 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2015. (Article asserting that about 70 Americans stayed behind and containing details of some individual cases)

[17] "The Last Days in Vietnam". Movie review. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2015. This is a story about a few brave, good people who stayed behind in order to not leave anyone behind. (mentions NBC correspondents Jim Laurie and Neil Davis who stayed after the evacuation)

[Dunham-12] Dunham, Maj. George R.; Quinlan, Col. David A. (1990). U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Bitter End, 1973–1975 (Marine Corps Vietnam Operational Histories Series) (PDF). Washington DC: History & Museums Division; Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. ISBN 978-0-16-026455-9. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 10 July 2021. Diakses tanggal 3 May 2021. Artikel ini memuat teks dari sumber tersebut, yang berada dalam ranah publik.

[:1-13] Desbarats, Jacqueline. "Repression in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Executions and Population Relocation", from The Vietnam Debate (1990) by John Morton Moore.

[OC_Register2-14] Bharath, Deepa (29 April 2011). "O.C. Black April events commemorate fall of Saigon". Orange County Register. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 December 2013. Diakses tanggal 18 January 2014.

[:2-15] Nguyen, Hien. "How Saigon became Ho Chi Minh City". VnExpress International. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 26 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 23 April 2022.

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