Langit-langit kaca

Langit-langit kaca adalah sebuah kiasan yang dipakai untuk mewakili sebuah pembatas tak terlihat yang menghalangi demografi yang diberikan (biasanya diterapkan kepada minoritas) dari kenaikan pada tingkat tertentu dalam sebuah hierarki.^[1]

Kiasan tersebut pertama kali dicetuskan oleh kaum feminis dalam rujukan kepada pembatas dalam karier wanita yang berprestasi tinggi.^[2][3] Di Amerika Serikat, konsep tersebut terkadang diperluas untuk merujuk kepada rintangan-rintangan yang menghalangi kemajuan minoritas wanita, serta minoritas pria.^[2][4] Minoritas wanita sering kali menemui banyak kesulitan dalam "menerobos langit-langit kaca" karena mereka berada di persimpangan dari dua kelompok yang dulunya termarginalisasi: wanita dan orang kulit berwarna.^[5] Outlet-outlet Asia dan Asia Amerika mencanangkan istilah "langit-langit bambu" untuk merujuk kepada rintangan-rintangan yang seluruh Asia Amerika hadapi dalam memajukan karier mereka.^[6][7]

• Langit-langit kaca patri

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• National Partnership for Women and Families, comp. (April 2016). "America's Women and The Wage Gap" (PDF). Trade, Jobs and Wages. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
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• Redwood, Rene A. (October 13, 1995). "Breaking The Glass Ceiling: Good for Business, Good for America". National Council of Jewish Women.
• Schneps, Leila; Colmez, Coralie (2013), "Math error number 6: Simpson's paradox. The Berkeley sex bias case: discrimination detection", dalam Schneps, Leila; Colmez, Coralie (ed.), Math on trial: how numbers get used and abused in the courtroom, New York: Basic Books, hlm. 107–120, ISBN 978-0-465-03292-1
• Snyder, Karrie Ann, and Adam Isaiah Green. "Revisiting The Glass Escalator: The Case Of Gender Segregation In A Female Dominated Occupation." Social Problems 55.2 (2008): 271-299. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
• Woodhams, Carol, Ben Lupton, and Marc Cowling. "The Presence Of Ethnic Minority And Disabled Men In Feminised Work: Intersectionality, Vertical Segregation And The Glass Escalator." Sex Roles 72.7/8 (2015): 277-293. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
• Malpas, J., "Donald Davidson", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2012/entries/davidson/>. Web 2 May 2016.
• International Labor Rights Forum. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2016, from http://www.laborrights.org/issues/women’s-rights
• Hyun, Jane. Breaking the Bamboo Ceiling: Career Strategies for Asians. New York: HarperBusiness, 2005. Print.
• Wiley, John. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. Vol. 5. Chicester: John Wiley and Sons, 2012. Print.
• "Top 10 Numbers that Show Why Pay Equity Matters to Asian American Women and Their Families". Retrieved 2016-05-01

• Catalyst research report (1996). Women in Corporate Leadership: Progr (2003). Diarsipkan 2017-09-29 di Wayback Machine. Women and Men in U.S. Corporate Leadership: Same Workplace, Different Realities? Diarsipkan 2011-09-29 di Wayback Machine.
• Catalyst. Women and Men in U.S. Corporate Leadership: Same Workplace, Different Realities? Diarsipkan 2012-11-11 di Wayback Machine. New York, N.Y.: Catalyst, 2004, ISBN 978-0-89584-247-3.
• Catalyst. 2010 Catalyst Census: Financial Post 500 Women Senior Officers and Top Earners. Diarsipkan 2011-09-29 di Wayback Machine.
• Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. Good for Business: Making Full Use of the Nation's Human Capital. Diarsipkan 2014-08-10 di Wayback Machine. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, March 1995.
• Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. Solid Investments: Making Full Use of the Nation's Human Capital. Diarsipkan 2014-11-08 di Wayback Machine. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, November 1995.
• Carvajal, Doreen. The Codes That Need to Be Broken. The New York Times, January 26, 2011.
• Cotter, David A., Joan M. Hermsen, Seth Ovadia, and Reece Vanneman (2001). The glass ceiling effect. Social Forces, Vol. 80 No. 2, pp. 655–81.
• Effects of Glass Ceiling on Women Career Development in Private Sector Organizations – Case of Sri Lanka