Mikrobiota

Mikrobiota adalah "komunitas ekologis mikroorganisme simbiosis komensalisme dan patogenik"^[1]^[2] yang ditemukan pada semua organisme multisel yang dipelajari hingga saat ini dari tanaman hingga hewan. Mikrobiota termasuk bakteri, arkea, protista, fungi dan virus. Mikrobiota sangat penting untuk homeostasis kekebalan, hormonal dan metabolisme inang mereka.

Istilah sinomim mikrobioma menggambarkan baik kolektif genom dari mikroorganisme yang berada di ceruk lingkungannya maupun mikroorganisme itu sendiri.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Mikrobioma dan inang muncul selama evolusi sebagai unit sinergis dari epigenetika dan karakteristik genetik, kadang-kadang secara kolektif disebut holobiont.^[6]^[7]

Referensi

^ Lederberg, J; McCray, AT (2001). "'Ome Sweet 'Omics—a genealogical treasury of words". Scientist. 15: 8.
^ NIH HMP Working Group; Peterson, J; Garges, S; et al. (2009). "The NIH Human Microbiome Project". Genome Res. 19 (12): 2317–2323. doi:10.1101/gr.096651.109. PMC 2792171. PMID 19819907.
^ Backhed, F.; Ley, R. E.; Sonnenburg, J. L.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2005). "Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine". Science. 307 (5717): 1915–1920. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1915B. doi:10.1126/science.1104816. PMID 15790844.
^ Turnbaugh, P. J.; Ley, R. E.; Hamady, M.; Fraser-Liggett, C. M.; Knight, R.; Gordon, J. I. (2007). "The Human Microbiome Project". Nature. 449 (7164): 804–810. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..804T. doi:10.1038/nature06244. PMC 3709439. PMID 17943116.
^ Ley, R. E.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2006). "Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine". Cell. 124 (4): 837–848. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.017. PMID 16497592.
^ Salvucci, E. (2016). "Microbiome, holobiont and the net of life". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 42 (3): 485–494. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.962478. PMID 25430522.
^ Guerrero, R.; Margulis, Lynn; Berlanga, M. (2013). "Symbiogenesis: The holobiont as a unit of evolution". International Microbiology. 16 (3): 133–43. doi:10.2436/20.1501.01.188. PMID 24568029.

[1] Lederberg, J; McCray, AT (2001). "'Ome Sweet 'Omics—a genealogical treasury of words". Scientist. 15: 8.

[hmp-2] NIH HMP Working Group; Peterson, J; Garges, S; et al. (2009). "The NIH Human Microbiome Project". Genome Res. 19 (12): 2317–2323. doi:10.1101/gr.096651.109. PMC 2792171. PMID 19819907.

[3] Backhed, F.; Ley, R. E.; Sonnenburg, J. L.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2005). "Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine". Science. 307 (5717): 1915–1920. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1915B. doi:10.1126/science.1104816. PMID 15790844.

[4] Turnbaugh, P. J.; Ley, R. E.; Hamady, M.; Fraser-Liggett, C. M.; Knight, R.; Gordon, J. I. (2007). "The Human Microbiome Project". Nature. 449 (7164): 804–810. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..804T. doi:10.1038/nature06244. PMC 3709439. PMID 17943116.

[5] Ley, R. E.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2006). "Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine". Cell. 124 (4): 837–848. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.017. PMID 16497592.

[Salvucci2014-6] Salvucci, E. (2016). "Microbiome, holobiont and the net of life". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 42 (3): 485–494. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.962478. PMID 25430522.

[7] Guerrero, R.; Margulis, Lynn; Berlanga, M. (2013). "Symbiogenesis: The holobiont as a unit of evolution". International Microbiology. 16 (3): 133–43. doi:10.2436/20.1501.01.188. PMID 24568029.

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