Orans

Orans, kata serapan dari Latin Abad Pertengahan orans (Latin: [ˈoː.raːns]) yang diterjemahkan sebagai "seseorang yang berdoa atau memohon", juga orant atau orante, serta mengangkat tangan suci, adalah postur atau sikap tubuh berdoa, biasanya berdiri, dengan siku dekat dengan sisi tubuh dan dengan tangan terentang ke samping, telapak tangan menghadap ke atas.^[1]^[2]^[3] Postur doa orans memiliki dasar Alkitabiah dalam 1 Timotius 2 (1 Timotius 2:8:NRSV): "Karena itu aku ingin, supaya di setiap tempat orang-orang laki-laki berdoa sambil mengangkat tangan suci mereka ke atas." tangan tanpa marah atau bantahan" (NRSV).^[4]^[5]^[6]

Hal ini umum dalam Kekristenan awal dan sering terlihat dalam seni Kristen awal, atas saran beberapa Bapa Gereja awal, yang melihatnya sebagai "garis besar salib".^[7]^[8] Pada masa modern, posisi orans masih dipertahankan dalam Ortodoksi Oriental, seperti ketika umat Kristen Koptik berdoa selama tujuh jam kanonik Agpeya pada waktu-waktu doa yang tetap.^[9] Orans juga terdapat dalam beberapa bagian liturgi Katolik, Ortodoks Oriental, Ortodoks Timur, Lutheran, dan Anglikan, peribadatan Pentakosta dan karismatik, dan praktik asketis beberapa kelompok agama.^[10]^[11]

Galeri

Orans (katakombe Roma), paruh pertama abad ke-IV.
Orans dari Kyiv. Mosaik. Abad XI.
Orans di katedral Kyiv Saint Sophia
Ikon Our Lady of the Sign. Veliky Novgorod. Paruh pertama abad XII.
Ikon Inexhaustible Chalice. Serpukhov, abad ke-19.

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Couchman2010
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Wainwright1997
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama LM2022
^ Couchman, Judith (5 March 2010). The Mystery of the Cross: Bringing Ancient Christian Images to Life (dalam bahasa English). InterVarsity Press. hlm. 85. ISBN 978-0-8308-7917-5. Because early Christians were Jewish, they naturally lifted their hands in prayer, like the veiled orans figures in the catacombs. The apostle Paul advised the earliest Christians, "I want men everywhere to lift up holy hands in prayer, without anger or disputing" (1 Tim 2:8) and early church literature indicates the widespread practice of this prayer position. In the first through third centuries, Marcus Minucius Felix, Clement of Rome, Clement of Alexandria and Tertullian either advised Christians to lift up hands in prayer, or at least mentioned the practice. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
^ Wainwright, Geoffrey (1997). For Our Salvation: Two Approaches to the Work of Christ (dalam bahasa English). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 76. ISBN 978-0-8028-0846-2. The piety shows itself in the informal signing of one's body with the sign of the cross, in what 1 Timothy Timothy&chapter=2:8#KJV 2:8:KJV calls "lifting holy hands" in prayer (a gesture stretching from the orans pictures in the catacombs to modern Pentecostalism), in penitential or submissive kneeling, in reverential genuflections, in the ascetical practices suggested by the apostle Paul's athletic imagery (1 Cor. 9:24-27; 1 Tim. 6:6-16; 2 Tim. 4:7f). Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama LM20222
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Couchman20103
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama LM20223
^ Dawood, Bishoy (8 December 2013). "Stand, Bow, Prostrate: The Prayerful Body of Coptic Christianity: Clarion Review" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Clarion Review. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2020. Standing facing the East is the most frequent prayer position. The person praying usually holds his or her hands outwards in the 'orans' position, which is a common Christian position of prayer, frequently portrayed in ancient Christian art, including in Coptic iconography. At other times, hands may be kept down to the sides or held together as a sign of standing in humility before God. Some people choose to hold a cross in their hands as they stand in the orans position; in this case, the sign of the cross traced over the body ends with kissing the cross.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Wainwright19973
^ "Why do we extend our arms when praying the Our Father and at other times during the Maronite anaphora?" (dalam bahasa English). Living Maronite. 27 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2022. This is sometimes referred to as the Orans posture. The posture is explicitly directed by the presently used Maronite Qorbono. The posture has in its origins an association with prayer. It can be found in the Old Testament. In Psalm 141 we pray: "Let my prayer be counted as incense before you, and the lifting up of my hands as an evening sacrifice." The posture is referred to in the New Testament at 1 Timothy 2:8, in the instructions concerning prayer: "I desire, then, that in every place the men should pray, lifting up holy hands without anger or argument;" We see the posture in the early Church catacomb icons as depicted here. The icon perhaps gives us the best indication of why the posture is presently used in the Maronite Mass. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)

[Couchman2010-1] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Couchman2010

[Wainwright1997-2] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Wainwright1997

[LM2022-3] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama LM2022

[Couchman20102-4] Couchman, Judith (5 March 2010). The Mystery of the Cross: Bringing Ancient Christian Images to Life (dalam bahasa English). InterVarsity Press. hlm. 85. ISBN 978-0-8308-7917-5. Because early Christians were Jewish, they naturally lifted their hands in prayer, like the veiled orans figures in the catacombs. The apostle Paul advised the earliest Christians, "I want men everywhere to lift up holy hands in prayer, without anger or disputing" (1 Tim 2:8) and early church literature indicates the widespread practice of this prayer position. In the first through third centuries, Marcus Minucius Felix, Clement of Rome, Clement of Alexandria and Tertullian either advised Christians to lift up hands in prayer, or at least mentioned the practice. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)

[Wainwright19972-5] Wainwright, Geoffrey (1997). For Our Salvation: Two Approaches to the Work of Christ (dalam bahasa English). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 76. ISBN 978-0-8028-0846-2. The piety shows itself in the informal signing of one's body with the sign of the cross, in what 1 Timothy Timothy&chapter=2:8#KJV 2:8:KJV calls "lifting holy hands" in prayer (a gesture stretching from the orans pictures in the catacombs to modern Pentecostalism), in penitential or submissive kneeling, in reverential genuflections, in the ascetical practices suggested by the apostle Paul's athletic imagery (1 Cor. 9:24-27; 1 Tim. 6:6-16; 2 Tim. 4:7f). Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)

[LM20222-6] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama LM20222

[Couchman20103-7] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Couchman20103

[LM20223-8] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama LM20223

[Dawood2013-9] Dawood, Bishoy (8 December 2013). "Stand, Bow, Prostrate: The Prayerful Body of Coptic Christianity: Clarion Review" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Clarion Review. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2020. Standing facing the East is the most frequent prayer position. The person praying usually holds his or her hands outwards in the 'orans' position, which is a common Christian position of prayer, frequently portrayed in ancient Christian art, including in Coptic iconography. At other times, hands may be kept down to the sides or held together as a sign of standing in humility before God. Some people choose to hold a cross in their hands as they stand in the orans position; in this case, the sign of the cross traced over the body ends with kissing the cross.

[Wainwright19973-10] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Wainwright19973

[LM20224-11] "Why do we extend our arms when praying the Our Father and at other times during the Maronite anaphora?" (dalam bahasa English). Living Maronite. 27 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2022. This is sometimes referred to as the Orans posture. The posture is explicitly directed by the presently used Maronite Qorbono. The posture has in its origins an association with prayer. It can be found in the Old Testament. In Psalm 141 we pray: "Let my prayer be counted as incense before you, and the lifting up of my hands as an evening sacrifice." The posture is referred to in the New Testament at 1 Timothy 2:8, in the instructions concerning prayer: "I desire, then, that in every place the men should pray, lifting up holy hands without anger or argument;" We see the posture in the early Church catacomb icons as depicted here. The icon perhaps gives us the best indication of why the posture is presently used in the Maronite Mass. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)

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