Clostridium

Clostridium
	SE micrograph of Clostridium difficile colonies from a stool sample
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Bacteria
Filum:	Firmicutes
Kelas:	Clostridia
Ordo:	Clostridiales
Famili:	Clostridiaceae
Genus:	Clostridium; Prazmowski 1880
Spesies yang terpilih
	Clostridium absonum, Clostridium aceticum, Clostridium acetireducens, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium acidisoli, Clostridium aciditolerans, Clostridium acidurici, Clostridium aerotolerans, Clostridium aestuarii, Clostridium akagii, Clostridium aldenense, Clostridium aldrichii, Clostridium algidicarni, Clostridium algidixylanolyticum, Clostridium algifaecis, Clostridium algoriphilum, Clostridium alkalicellulosi, Clostridium aminophilum, Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium amygdalinum, Clostridium amylolyticum, Clostridium arbusti, Clostridium arcticum, Clostridium argentinense, Clostridium asparagiforme, Clostridium aurantibutyricum, Clostridium baratii, Clostridium barkeri, Clostridium bartlettii, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium bolteae, Clostridium bornimense, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium bowmanii, Clostridium bryantii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium cadaveris, Clostridium caenicola, Clostridium caminithermale, Clostridium carboxidivorans, Clostridium carnis, Clostridium cavendishii, Clostridium celatum, Clostridium celerecrescens, Clostridium cellobioparum, Clostridium cellulofermentans, Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium cellulosi, Clostridium cellulovorans, Clostridium chartatabidum, Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium chromiireducens, Clostridium citroniae, Clostridium clariflavum, Clostridium clostridioforme, Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium cochlearium, Clostridium colletant, Clostridium colicanis, Clostridium colinum, Clostridium collagenovorans, Clostridium cylindrosporum, Clostridium difficile (bacteria), Clostridium diolis, Clostridium disporicum, Clostridium drakei, Clostridium durum, Clostridium estertheticum, Clostridium estertheticum estertheticum, Clostridium estertheticum laramiense, Clostridium fallax, Clostridium felsineum, Clostridium fervidum, Clostridium fimetarium, Clostridium formicaceticum, Clostridium frigidicarnis, Clostridium frigoris, Clostridium ganghwense, Clostridium gasigenes, Clostridium ghonii, Clostridium glycolicum, Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum, Clostridium grantii, Clostridium haemolyticum, Clostridium halophilum, Clostridium hastiforme, Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium herbivorans, Clostridium hiranonis, Clostridium histolyticum, Clostridium homopropionicum, Clostridium huakuii, Clostridium hungatei, Clostridium hydrogeniformans, Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum, Clostridium hylemonae, Clostridium jejuense, Clostridium indolis, Clostridium innocuum, Clostridium intestinale, Clostridium irregulare, Clostridium isatidis, Clostridium josui, Clostridium kluyveri, Clostridium lactatifermentans, Clostridium lacusfryxellense, Clostridium laramiense, Clostridium lavalense, Clostridium lentocellum, Clostridium lentoputrescens, Clostridium leptum, Clostridium limosum, Clostridium litorale, Clostridium lituseburense, Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium lortetii, Clostridium lundense, Clostridium magnum, Clostridium malenominatum, Clostridium mangenotii, Clostridium mayombei, Clostridium methoxybenzovorans, Clostridium methylpentosum, Clostridium neopropionicum, Clostridium nexile, Clostridium nitrophenolicum, Clostridium novyi, Clostridium oceanicum, Clostridium orbiscindens, Clostridium oroticum, Clostridium oxalicum, Clostridium papyrosolvens, Clostridium paradoxum, Clostridium paraperfringens (Alias: C. welchii), Clostridium paraputrificum, Clostridium pascui, Clostridium pasteurianum, Clostridium peptidivorans, Clostridium perenne, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium pfennigii, Clostridium phytofermentans, Clostridium piliforme, Clostridium polysaccharolyticum, Clostridium populeti, Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium proteoclasticum, Clostridium proteolyticum, Clostridium psychrophilum, Clostridium puniceum, Clostridium purinilyticum, Clostridium putrefaciens, Clostridium putrificum, Clostridium quercicolum, Clostridium quinii, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium rectum, Clostridium roseum, Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium saccharogumia, Clostridium saccharolyticum, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Clostridium sardiniense, Clostridium sartagoforme, Clostridium scatologenes, Clostridium schirmacherense, Clostridium scindens, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium sordellii, Clostridium sphenoides, Clostridium spiroforme, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium sporosphaeroides, Clostridium stercorarium, Clostridium stercorarium leptospartum, Clostridium stercorarium stercorarium, Clostridium stercorarium thermolacticum, Clostridium sticklandii, Clostridium straminisolvens, Clostridium subterminale, Clostridium sufflavum, Clostridium sulfidigenes, Clostridium symbiosum, Clostridium tagluense, Clostridium tepidiprofundi, Clostridium termitidis, Clostridium tertium, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium tetanomorphum, Clostridium thermaceticum, Clostridium thermautotrophicum, Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum, Clostridium thermobutyricum, Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium thermocopriae, Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, Clostridium thermolacticum, Clostridium thermopalmarium, Clostridium thermopapyrolyticum, Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum, Clostridium thermosuccinogenes, Clostridium thermosulfurigenes, Clostridium thiosulfatireducens, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Clostridium uliginosum, Clostridium ultunense, Clostridium villosum, Clostridium vincentii, Clostridium viride, Clostridium xylanolyticum, Clostridium xylanovorans

Clostridium adalah genus dari bakteri Gram-positif, yang meliputi beberapa patogen manusia yang signifikan, terutama agen penyebab botulisme. Mereka anaerob obligat yang mampu menghasilkan endospora. Sel-sel reproduksi normal dari Clostridium, disebut bentuk vegetatif, berbentuk batang,^[1] yang memberi mereka nama mereka, dari bahasa Yunani κλωστήρ atau spindle. Endospora Clostridium memiliki bowling pin atau bentuk botol yang berbeda, membedakan mereka dari endospora bakteri lainnya, yang biasanya berbentuk bulat telur. Spesies Clostridium menghuni tanah dan saluran usus hewan, termasuk manusia.^[2] Clostridium merupakan penghuni normal dari saluran reproduksi lebih rendah perempuan sehat.^[3]^[4]

Pada tahun 1924, Ida A. Bengtson memisahkan mikroorganisme van Ermengem dari kelompok Bacillus dan memasukkannya ke dalam genus Clostridium.^{[butuh rujukan]}

Clostridium dapat bergerak dengan flagela peritrik. Beberapa spesiesnya dapat memproduksi asam butirat, asam asetat, CO₂, H₂, CH₄, dan terkadang eksotoksin. Beberapa spesies memiliki kemampuan proteolitik.^[5]

Referensi

^ Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)
^ Anne Maczulak (2011), "Clostridium", Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Facts on File, hlm. 168–173, ISBN 978-0-8160-7364-1
^ Hoffman, Barbara (2012). Williams gynecology, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. hlm. 65. ISBN 0071716726.
^ Senok, Abiola C; Verstraelen, Hans; Temmerman, Marleen; Botta, Giuseppe A; Senok, Abiola C (2009). "Probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD006289. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006289.pub2. PMID 19821358.
^ Breed, Robert. S; Murray, E.G.D.; Smith, Nathan R. (1957). Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology (edisi ke-7th ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co. hlm. 634.

Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "UK2013" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "baron" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Meites2010" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Velickovic1943" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "B.Resources" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Mengesha2009" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.

Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> dengan nama "Chou2011" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.

Pranala luar

Clostridium Diarsipkan 2014-12-20 di Wayback Machine. genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID
Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology
UK Clostridium difficile Support Group
Pathema-Clostridium Resource Diarsipkan 2013-06-15 di Wayback Machine.
Water analysis: Clostridium video

[1] Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL (link)

[eom-clostridium-2] Anne Maczulak (2011), "Clostridium", Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Facts on File, hlm. 168–173, ISBN 978-0-8160-7364-1

[Hoffman2012-3] Hoffman, Barbara (2012). Williams gynecology, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. hlm. 65. ISBN 0071716726.

[SenokVerstraelen2009-4] Senok, Abiola C; Verstraelen, Hans; Temmerman, Marleen; Botta, Giuseppe A; Senok, Abiola C (2009). "Probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD006289. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006289.pub2. PMID 19821358.

[5] Breed, Robert. S; Murray, E.G.D.; Smith, Nathan R. (1957). Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology (edisi ke-7th ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co. hlm. 634.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]