Torium monoksida

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Thorium monoksida (thorium(II) oksida), adalah oksida biner dari torium yang memiliki rumus kimia ThO. Ikatan kovalen dalam molekul diatomik ini sangat polar. Medan listrik efektif antara dua atom telah dihitung sekitar 80 gigavolt per sentimeter, salah satu medan listrik efektif internal terbesar yang diketahui.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Pembakaran sederhana torium di udara menghasilkan torium dioksida. Namun, ablasi laser torium dengan adanya oksigen menghasilkan monoksida. Selain itu, paparan lapisan tipis torium terhadap oksigen bertekanan rendah pada suhu sedang membentuk lapisan torium monoksida yang tumbuh dengan cepat di bawah lapisan permukaan dioksida yang lebih stabil.^[5]^[6]

Pada suhu yang sangat tinggi, torium dioksida dapat diubah menjadi monoksida melalui reaksi perbandingan (kesetimbangan dengan logam torium cair) di atas 1.850 K (1.580 °C; 2.870 °F) atau melalui disosiasi sederhana (evolusi oksigen) di atas 2.500 K (2.230 °C; 4.040 °F).^[7]

{\ce {ThO2 + Th(l) <=> 2 ThO(s)}}

{\ce {ThO2 -> ThO(s) + 1/2 O2}}

Referensi

^ Skripnikov, L. V. (2016-12-07). "Combined 4-component and relativistic pseudopotential study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search". The Journal of Chemical Physics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 145 (21): 214301. arXiv:1610.00994. Bibcode:2016JChPh.145u4301S. doi:10.1063/1.4968229. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799403. S2CID 42337394.
^ Denis, Malika; Fleig, Timo (2016-12-07). "In search of discrete symmetry violations beyond the standard model: Thorium monoxide reloaded". The Journal of Chemical Physics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 145 (21): 214307. Bibcode:2016JChPh.145u4307D. doi:10.1063/1.4968597. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799357.
^ Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V. (2013-12-14). "Communication: Theoretical study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search". The Journal of Chemical Physics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 139 (22): 221103. arXiv:1308.0414. Bibcode:2013JChPh.139v1103S. doi:10.1063/1.4843955. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 24329049. S2CID 42153944.
^ "The ACME EDM Experiment". electronedm.org. Diakses tanggal 2018-08-16.
^ Dewberry, Christopher T.; Etchison, Kerry C.; Cooke, Stephen A. (2007). "The pure rotational spectrum of the actinide-containing compound thorium monoxide". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 9 (35): 4895–4897. Bibcode:2007PCCP....9.4895D. doi:10.1039/B709343H. PMID 17912418.
^ He, Heming; Majewski, Jaroslaw; Allred, David D.; Wang, Peng; Wen, Xiaodong; Rector, Kirk D. (2017). "Formation of solid thorium monoxide at near-ambient conditions as observed by neutron reflectometry and interpreted by screened hybrid functional calculations". Journal of Nuclear Materials. 487: 288–296. Bibcode:2017JNuM..487..288H. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.046.
^ Hoch, Michael; Johnston, Herrick L. (1954). "The Reaction Occurring on Thoriated Cathodes". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (19): 4833–4835. doi:10.1021/ja01648a018.

[1] Skripnikov, L. V. (2016-12-07). "Combined 4-component and relativistic pseudopotential study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search". The Journal of Chemical Physics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 145 (21): 214301. arXiv:1610.00994. Bibcode:2016JChPh.145u4301S. doi:10.1063/1.4968229. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799403. S2CID 42337394.

[2] Denis, Malika; Fleig, Timo (2016-12-07). "In search of discrete symmetry violations beyond the standard model: Thorium monoxide reloaded". The Journal of Chemical Physics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 145 (21): 214307. Bibcode:2016JChPh.145u4307D. doi:10.1063/1.4968597. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799357.

[3] Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V. (2013-12-14). "Communication: Theoretical study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search". The Journal of Chemical Physics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 139 (22): 221103. arXiv:1308.0414. Bibcode:2013JChPh.139v1103S. doi:10.1063/1.4843955. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 24329049. S2CID 42153944.

[4] "The ACME EDM Experiment". electronedm.org. Diakses tanggal 2018-08-16.

[5] Dewberry, Christopher T.; Etchison, Kerry C.; Cooke, Stephen A. (2007). "The pure rotational spectrum of the actinide-containing compound thorium monoxide". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 9 (35): 4895–4897. Bibcode:2007PCCP....9.4895D. doi:10.1039/B709343H. PMID 17912418.

[6] He, Heming; Majewski, Jaroslaw; Allred, David D.; Wang, Peng; Wen, Xiaodong; Rector, Kirk D. (2017). "Formation of solid thorium monoxide at near-ambient conditions as observed by neutron reflectometry and interpreted by screened hybrid functional calculations". Journal of Nuclear Materials. 487: 288–296. Bibcode:2017JNuM..487..288H. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.046.

[Hoch1954-7] Hoch, Michael; Johnston, Herrick L. (1954). "The Reaction Occurring on Thoriated Cathodes". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (19): 4833–4835. doi:10.1021/ja01648a018.

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